What goes in my dissertation findings chapter? Should I refer back to the literature or not?
Your findings chapter is the pivotal point in your research where you present the culmination of your efforts. It's a crucial section that requires careful consideration and planning. One common dilemma that researchers face when crafting their findings chapter is whether to refer back to the literature or save references for the discussion chapter. In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve into this decision and explore the essential elements of your findings chapter.
The Quandary: Referring Back to Literature
The question of whether to refer back to the literature in your findings chapter doesn't have a one-size-fits-all answer. The choice you make depends on several factors, including your field of study and disciplinary practices. Disciplines within the social sciences, for example, often have specific approaches to presenting findings.
Some social science disciplines prefer to integrate findings with discussions. In this approach, researchers present their findings while simultaneously reflecting on their implications for the existing literature. Conversely, other disciplines prefer to keep these aspects separate. They present findings in isolation, reserving in-depth literature discussions for the dedicated discussion chapter.
The type of research you're conducting can also influence this decision. Qualitative researchers often lean toward integrating findings with literature because their work is often interpretive and context-dependent. On the other hand, quantitative researchers might opt for a separate presentation of findings as their focus tends to be on statistical analysis.
The best way to resolve this quandary is to consult your supervisor or advisor. Their guidance can provide insights into the practices specific to your field of study and research objectives.
The Three Key Elements of Findings Chapters
Once you've determined whether or not to refer back to the literature, you can structure your findings chapter accordingly. The three core elements of findings chapters are: description, analysis, and synthesis. Depending on your decision regarding literature references, you may use one or more of these elements.
Description:
This element involves presenting your data clearly and concisely. You're essentially stating what you found without delving into extensive interpretation. Describing your data in a straightforward manner is crucial for setting the context and ensuring that your examiner or reader can grasp the basics of your research.
Analysis:
In this phase, you interpret your data by offering insights and commentary based solely on your research findings. You're not referring to the literature at this point; your analysis is grounded in the data you've collected and analyzed. This stage is essential for drawing meaning from your findings.
Synthesis:
Synthesis occurs when you position your data in the context of the existing literature you've reviewed in your literature review chapter. This element is crucial if you've chosen to refer back to the literature. It involves critically considering your findings in light of the broader academic landscape, identifying connections, contradictions, or contributions to existing knowledge.
Structuring Your Findings Chapter
Here's a table to help you visualize how the choice of referring back to the literature impacts your findings chapter:
If you choose to refer back to the literature, your findings chapter will include all three elements: description, analysis, and synthesis.
If you opt to keep your findings separate from the literature, your findings chapter will focus on description and analysis, leaving the synthesis for the discussion chapter.
Why "Description" Matters
The "description" phase of your findings chapter is often overlooked but is of paramount importance. It ensures that you start your chapter by stating the obvious and providing essential context for your reader. Skipping this phase can confuse your examiner or reader, as they may struggle to understand the significance of your findings without the necessary groundwork.
By describing your findings clearly and succinctly, you set the stage for more in-depth analysis and synthesis. It's an essential step in guiding your audience through your research journey and preventing them from feeling lost in complex details.
Conclusion
The decision of whether to refer back to the literature in your findings chapter is influenced by disciplinary practices and research objectives. Consulting your supervisor or advisor is the first step in making this choice.
Regardless of your decision, your findings chapter comprises three essential elements: description, analysis, and synthesis. Your choice determines which of these elements you include in your chapter. The "description" phase, often underestimated, is vital for providing context and ensuring clarity in your findings chapter.
Remember, your findings chapter is a critical part of your research narrative, and mastering it requires careful planning and consideration. By understanding the elements and making informed choices, you'll craft a findings chapter that effectively communicates your research discoveries and sets the stage for insightful discussions in the subsequent chapters.
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